Redis

Redis is an open-source in-memory storage, used as a distributed, in-memory key–value database, cache and message broker, with optional durability.

The Redis Wrapper allows you to read data from Redis within your Postgres database.

Preparation#

Before you can query Redis, you need to enable the Wrappers extension and store your credentials in Postgres.

Enable Wrappers#

Make sure the wrappers extension is installed on your database:

1
create extension if not exists wrappers with schema extensions;

Enable the Redis Wrapper#

Enable the redis_wrapper FDW:

1
create foreign data wrapper redis_wrapper
2
  handler redis_fdw_handler
3
  validator redis_fdw_validator;

Store your credentials (optional)#

By default, Postgres stores FDW credentials inside pg_catalog.pg_foreign_server in plain text. Anyone with access to this table will be able to view these credentials. Wrappers is designed to work with Vault, which provides an additional level of security for storing credentials. We recommend using Vault to store your credentials.

1
-- Save your Redis connection URL in Vault and retrieve the created `key_id`
2
select vault.create_secret(
3
  'redis://username:password@127.0.0.1:6379/db',
4
  'redis',
5
  'Redis connection URL for Wrappers'
6
);

1
rediss://username:password@my-redis-12345.upstash.io:6379/#insecure

Connecting to Redis#

We need to provide Postgres with the credentials to connect to Redis. We can do this using the create server command:

1
create server redis_server
2
  foreign data wrapper redis_wrapper
3
  options (
4
    conn_url_id '<key_ID>' -- The Key ID from above.
5
  );

Create a schema#

We recommend creating a schema to hold all the foreign tables:

1
create schema if not exists redis;

Options#

The following options are available when creating Redis foreign tables:

• src_type - Foreign table source type in Redis, required.

This can be one of below types,

• src_key - Source object key in Redis, required.

This key can be a pattern for multi_* type of foreign table. For other types, this key must return exact one value. For example,

Entities#

List#

This is an object representing a Redis List.

Ref: Redis docs

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.list (
2
  element text
3
)
4
  server redis_server
5
  options (
6
    src_type 'list',
7
    src_key 'my_list'
8
  );

Notes#

• Elements are stored in insertion order
• Query returns all elements in the list
• No query pushdown support

Set#

This is an object representing a Redis Set.

Ref: Redis docs

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.set (
2
  element text
3
)
4
  server redis_server
5
  options (
6
    src_type 'set',
7
    src_key 'set'
8
  );

Notes#

• Elements are unique within the set
• No guaranteed order of elements
• No query pushdown support

Hash#

This is an object representing a Redis Hash.

Ref: Redis docs

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.hash (
2
  key text,
3
  value text
4
)
5
  server redis_server
6
  options (
7
    src_type 'hash',
8
    src_key 'hash'
9
  );

Notes#

• Key-value pairs within the hash
• No query pushdown support
• Both key and value are returned as text

Sorted Set#

This is an object representing a Redis Sorted Set.

Ref: Redis docs

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.zset (
2
  element text
3
)
4
  server redis_server
5
  options (
6
    src_type 'zset',
7
    src_key 'zset'
8
  );

Notes#

• Elements are ordered by their score
• Elements are unique within the set
• Score information is not exposed in the foreign table

Stream#

This is an object representing a Redis Stream.

Ref: Redis docs

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.stream (
2
  id text,
3
  items jsonb
4
)
5
  server redis_server
6
  options (
7
    src_type 'stream',
8
    src_key 'stream'
9
  );

Notes#

• Stream entries have unique IDs
• Items are stored in JSONB format
• Entries are ordered by their IDs

Multiple Objects#

Redis wrapper supports querying multiple objects of the same type using pattern matching.

Operations#

Usage#

1
create foreign table redis.multi_lists (
2
  key text,
3
  items jsonb
4
)
5
  server redis_server
6
  options (
7
    src_type 'multi_list',
8
    src_key 'list:*'
9
  );

Notes#

• Use pattern matching in src_key option
• Results include object key and items in JSONB format
• Items format varies by object type

Query Pushdown Support#

This FDW doesn't support pushdown.

Supported Redis Data Types#

All Redis values will be stored as text or jsonb columns in Postgres, below are the supported Redis data types:

Limitations#

This section describes important limitations and considerations when using this FDW:

• Full result sets are loaded into memory before processing
• Read-only access to Redis data structures (no Insert, Update, Delete, or Truncate operations)
• Pattern matching in multi_* types only supports basic Redis glob patterns
• Materialized views using these foreign tables may fail during logical backups

Examples#

Some examples on how to use Redis foreign tables.

Let's prepare some source data in Redis CLI first:

1
127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list foo bar 42
2
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set foo bar 42
3
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash foo bar baz qux
4
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset 30 foo 20 bar 10 baz
5
127.0.0.1:6379> XADD stream * foo bar
6
127.0.0.1:6379> XADD stream * aa 42 bb 43
7
8
127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list:100 foo bar
9
127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list:200 baz
10
11
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set:100 foo
12
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set:200 bar
13
14
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash:100 foo bar
15
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash:200 baz qux
16
17
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset:100 10 foo 20 bar
18
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset:200 40 baz 30 qux

Basic example#

This example will create foreign tables inside your Postgres database and query their data:

• List

  1
  create foreign table redis.list (
  2
    element text
  3
  )
  4
  server redis_server
  5
  options (
  6
    src_type 'list',
  7
    src_key 'list'
  8
  );
  9
  10
  select * from redis.list;

  Query result:

  1
  element
  2
  ---------
  3
   foo
  4
   bar
  5
   42
  6
  (3 rows)

• Set

  1
  create foreign table redis.set (
  2
    element text
  3
  )
  4
  server redis_server
  5
  options (
  6
    src_type 'set',
  7
    src_key 'set'
  8
  );
  9
  10
  select * from redis.set;

  Query result:

  1
  element
  2
  ---------
  3
   42
  4
   foo
  5
   bar
  6
  (3 rows)

• Hash

  1
  create foreign table redis.hash (
  2
    key text,
  3
    value text
  4
  )
  5
  server redis_server
  6
  options (
  7
    src_type 'hash',
  8
    src_key 'hash'
  9
  );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.hash;

  Query result:

  1
  key | value
  2
  -----+-------
  3
   foo | bar
  4
   baz | qux
  5
  (2 rows)

• Sorted set

  1
  create foreign table redis.zset (
  2
    element text
  3
  )
  4
  server redis_server
  5
  options (
  6
    src_type 'zset',
  7
    src_key 'zset'
  8
  );
  9
  10
  select * from redis.zset;

  Query result:

  1
  element
  2
  ---------
  3
   baz
  4
   bar
  5
   foo
  6
  (3 rows)

• Stream

  1
  create foreign table redis.stream (
  2
    id text,
  3
    items jsonb
  4
  )
  5
  server redis_server
  6
  options (
  7
    src_type 'stream',
  8
    src_key 'stream'
  9
  );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.stream;

  Query result:

  1
  id        |          items
  2
  -----------------+--------------------------
  3
   1704343825989-0 | {"foo": "bar"}
  4
   1704343829799-0 | {"aa": "42", "bb": "43"}
  5
  (2 rows)

Query multiple objects example#

This example will create several foreign tables using pattern in key and query multiple objects from Redis:

• List

  1
  create foreign table redis.multi_lists (
  2
    key text,
  3
    items jsonb
  4
  )
  5
    server redis_server
  6
    options (
  7
      src_type 'multi_list',
  8
      src_key 'list:*'
  9
    );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.multi_lists;

  Query result:

  1
  key    |     items
  2
  ----------+----------------
  3
   list:100 | ["foo", "bar"]
  4
   list:200 | ["baz"]
  5
  (2 rows)

• Set

  1
  create foreign table redis.multi_sets (
  2
    key text,
  3
    items jsonb
  4
  )
  5
    server redis_server
  6
    options (
  7
      src_type 'multi_set',
  8
      src_key 'set:*'
  9
    );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.multi_sets;

  Query result:

  1
  key   |  items
  2
  ---------+---------
  3
   set:100 | ["foo"]
  4
   set:200 | ["bar"]
  5
  (2 rows)

• Hash

  1
  create foreign table redis.multi_hashes (
  2
    key text,
  3
    items jsonb
  4
  )
  5
    server redis_server
  6
    options (
  7
      src_type 'multi_hash',
  8
      src_key 'hash:*'
  9
    );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.multi_hashes;

  Query result:

  1
  key    |     items
  2
  ----------+----------------
  3
   hash:200 | {"baz": "qux"}
  4
   hash:100 | {"foo": "bar"}
  5
  (2 rows)

• Sorted set

  1
  create foreign table redis.multi_zsets (
  2
    key text,
  3
    items jsonb
  4
  )
  5
    server redis_server
  6
    options (
  7
      src_type 'multi_zset',
  8
      src_key 'zset:*'
  9
    );
  10
  11
  select * from redis.multi_zsets;

  Query result:

  1
  key    |     items
  2
  ----------+----------------
  3
   zset:200 | ["qux", "baz"]
  4
   zset:100 | ["foo", "bar"]
  5
  (2 rows)